The eyes are outlined with thick black kohl pencil extended at both ends. Initially, a base of pinkish tone is applied with cheekbones highlighted by blush-on to avoid dullness. For Bharatnatyam, there is a specific style of makeup which is followed by and large. Makeup adds more beauty to the performance. These attires look very elegant and enhance the grace of dance movements. Male dancers wear a pajama or dhoti and at times a scarf wrapped around their shoulders tucked in front into a belt, made of Kanjivaram silk cloth. Another one is half-sari which has a blouse, dupatta and a pleated skirt. Outfit for female dancers is made from bright colored Kanjivaram silk sari which is of two types the pajama-style costume comprising of blouse, pajama and two or four fan-shaped pieces overlapping each other at the waist, with a big one ending at ankles. While the dance itself is absolutely appealing and enigmatic, what makes it all the more compelling is the traditional dress and a touch of makeup. Bharatnatyam dance forms are also used to present various themes such as unity of religions, nationalism, purity of environment, greatness of a king, etc. At present it is learned as a hobby or a career by many people. Contemporary classical Indian dance is performed by both, male and female. Nowadays this dance form has changed a lot. This dance form enhances its beauty with the use of literary masterpieces of saints and sages.
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The philosophy behind this dance is to search the human soul and unite with the Supreme Being. Later, leading personalities such as Rukmini Devi Arundale and E Krishna Iyer made their insignificant contributions. The main repositories of this art form until the early 20th century were the performers of Isai Velalar caste and the gurus known as 'nattuvanars'. The various forms of the dance, like Alarippu, Jathiswaram, Sabdham, Varnam and Tillana, were also introduced by them. About 150 years ago it was codified by four brothers (Chinniah, Sivanandam, Ponniah and Vadivelu) together known as 'Tanjore Quartet'. The postures of the celestial dancers depicted in the scriptures were given the name of Bharatnatyam Mudras on earth. In the ancient times, it was performed by Devadasis (women who were devoted to serve the deity as dancers and musicians forming part of the rituals) in the temples of Tamil Nadu known as 'dasiattam'. Today, it has become an integral part of a girl's upbringing in southern part of India.īharatnatyam is also known as the fifth Vedaor Natya Veda, a quintessence of four Vedas. In short, Bharatnatyam is an attempt to represent the divine beauty, magic, rhythms and symbols that are present in heaven. This dance form is not only popular in India but is also admired in abroad. The dance is famous for its delicacy and perfection of movements which makes it vibrant and influential. It has emerged as an offering to gods in temples in South India. The dance is accompanied by the classical Carnatic music. In other words this dance form is a communion of expression, melody and rhythm. The word 'Bharatnatyam' is composed of the terms, 'Bhava' which means expression, 'Raga' which stands for melody, 'Tala' which means rhythm and 'Natya' is for dance. It has been named after Bharat Muni, author of the bible of classical Indian dance called 'Natya Shastra'. It is believed that this dance form is mainly the renewal of Cathir, an old art of temple dancers. Today, it is recognized as the national dance of India. The generally accepted definition of dance in India is that it is a suggestive representation of human being in moods accompanied by Bhava (feeling) Raga (Melody) and Tala (Rhythm) all directed to create a spectator Rasa (Emotion).Bharatnatyam is one of the ancient classical dances of India which are all based on 'Natya Shastra' originated from Tamil Nadu.
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These are used in Abhinaya to either represent an object or natural phenomena to convey meaning through a code language. There are 28 single hand mudras and 24 double hand mudras.
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Tirmanams are rapid flourishes used to punctuate the dance. Jatis can be accomadated in Tala as per the song's Laya. Tala contains specific numbers of Matras. Matras are subdivision within steady beat. The concept of rhythm in Bharatanaytam has four continuous and inseperable thoughts. Jati is involved in adavu that it refers particularly to movement of the feet. Adavu signifies actions by feet and hands in execution of rhythmic patterns. Adavu are basic building blocks of Nritta. Important features of the technique: Bharatanatyam dance technique is very strong and strictly follows the rules which are layed down in Natya Shastra by Bharat Muni.